Laser eye surgery correction reviews

About riches of world around, about sounds and paints, smells and temperature, size and about many other things we learn thanks to bodies laser eye surgery correction. By means of sense organs the human body receives the various information on a condition of the external and internal environment in the form of sensations.

The Laser eye surgery reviews sensation is the elementary mental process consisting in reflexion of separate properties of subjects and the phenomena of a material world, and also inwardnesses of an organism at direct influence on corresponding receptors.

Sense organs receive, select, accumulate the information and transfer it in a brain every second receiving both laser eye surgery correction processing this huge and inexhaustible stream. As a result there is an adequate reflexion of world around and a condition of the organism. In the given work the question of "Development of sensations" will be investigated.

1. Features of development of hearing and sight at newborns

Within centuries on the majority of questions the answer was categorical: the newborn does not see and does not hear. It was the well-known theory «the child - a digestive path» which asserted, that the child at least within several weeks reacts only to stomach requirements; basically it is necessary to feed and change clothes of it only.

It - as pure wax on which the adult can engrave all as a white sheet of paper on which it is possible to write, everything. Besides, spoke: «Being born, the child so is attacked, that is in full confusion». In a word, the omnipotent adult appeared before absolutely unarmed and on what not reacting newborn.

But, maybe, these theories were put forward basically by men (doctors and scientists) whereas the opposite opinion laser eye surgery correction proceeding from women, had few chances to be heard.

Presently there was a full revolution in sights at the newborn: he hears, sees, possesses feeling of sense of smell and perceives! It is the new theory accepted many. It is possible to continue the long list of the perceptions, attributed to the child since the birth.

Opening do not become in one day (unless in exclusively rare cases). In any area of opening are a fruit of the long researches undertaken by numerous researchers simultaneously in many countries.

In the last 20 or even 30 years all over the world are marked research boom; researches are directed on finding-out of possibilities of the newborn. That you could imagine amount of works, I will tell: on last world congress devoted to chest children which has been called for the purpose of summarising of modern knowledge of the child (till a birth, during it and after a birth), there were 1500 experts of 20 nationalities from the different countries; 500 messages have been made.

So, the newborn is more developed and susceptible, than it was considered earlier, and in many areas since sensual perception.

Sight. The child sees since the birth, but its sight in 20 times is worse, than at adults; it still indistinct, indistinct. The child sees only outlines of subjects (mobile and motionless), being on distance only 25-30 sm from his eyes. But it is enough of it, that the newborn reacted to various illumination: if light too bright, he tests inconvenience, blinks or closes eyes.

The Laser eye surgery reviews kid distinguishes brilliant and red subjects; it can look after movement of a brilliant red sphere. It has been noticed, that from first days of the newborn the oval form, a moving subject with red and laser eye surgery correction brilliant stains involve. It at all the rebus, simply such oval corresponds to a human face. The child can watch movements of such "person" and if thus to it talk, he blinks.

But though the child also pays attention to the form similar to a human face, it does not mean, that he learns someone from the people surrounding it. On it more many time is required to it.

If to generalise data of researches (when and how the child starts to distinguish mother or the person who is looking after it, and also other people) it is possible to draw a conclusion, that the child learns mother on a smell at the age of 10 days, on a voice - through 5 eyes - at the age of 3-5 (data vary depending on research methods). It is unconditional, difficult to differentiate various sensations and perceptions (visual, acoustical or olfactory); has reached that one of researchers, to reveal visual perception, has placed mother behind a mirror without an amalgam.

But we will return to our newborn. It has been noticed, that it difficult drawings, than simple more interest. In the first days if it to show two sheets of paper - one grey, and another - in a black-and-white cage, he will look at the second sheet. It have defined, observing of the child through an aperture in the screen - it is visible, that in its cornea the checkered leaf is reflected. Means, he looks at it.

Sight of the newborn is developed insufficiently as till a birth it did not have a possibility it to take advantage (the truth, some scientists consider, that already in a womb of mother the child reacts to bright light;). But sight of the child will quickly develop. The kid tries to look even at night; in darkness it opens and closes eyes, looks around (such supervision has been spent by means of infra-red beams).

Children considerably differ from each other in that, as to visual activity; the impression is made, that one children waste time on others.

Rates of development of the child in all areas are various throughout all period of the childhood.

Some words in summary. Quite laser eye surgery correction often it seems, that eyes of the newborn mow, as its eye muscles are insufficiently developed to co-ordinate movements of eyes (but in most cases it really only seems).

Hearing. At the child it is developed more than sight, and it is normal, as the newborn heard during the pre-natal life (anyway, in the last 2) much. Hence, there is nothing surprising that the baby does not shudder when claps a door or strong noise is distributed; as his ear is already trained, he can distinguish close and far noise. Even when the kid sleeps with the compressed cams and near to it are whispered, he starts to turn and blink. If silent conversation proceeds, the child starts to potter and wake up.

Certainly, Laser eye surgery reviews he learns human speech as already heard it till a birth; in this opinion all researchers, but in a question whom he hears better - the father or mother converge, opinions disperse. The majority of doctors considers, that, still being in a uterus the child hears a voice of the father as he perceives low sounds is easier is better, and being on light, newborn becomes more sensitive to higher sounds, a voice of mother.

At last, it has been noticed, that when round the child it is very noisy, it stops up ears literally and thus isolates itself from environment. One of researchers noticed, that the child with whom carried out the difficult test for it, has started to shout, then has suddenly become silent and has fallen asleep; when the test has been finished also equipment switched off, the newborn has immediately woken up and has again started to shout.

Taste. To the newborn 12 from a sort; if to drip to it on lips of sweet water it looks rather happy and if - a lemon juice it will make a grimace. The child since a birth distinguishes sweet, salty, sour, bitter. Its sugar calms, the bitterness and acid raise.

For a long time it is known, that children very much early have flavouring sensations. Wet nurses always knew, that some products, such as caraway seeds, fennel, a green anise, laser eye surgery correction improve taste of milk. The child with pleasure sucks such milk, and milk secretion thus amplifies. Other products are characteristic that impact to milk unpleasant relish: it-garlic, an asparagus, an onions, cabbage. The child with whom feed with industrial production milk, receives fresh food without any "surprises".

Sense of smell. The example which has become by the classical: if to the newborn two napkins allow to smell, one of which was in touch with a parent breast, and another - is not present, the child will turn to the first napkin. This experiment is done by the American researcher with the 10-day baby. But the record has been beaten by group of researchers which have made the same experiment with the 3-day newborn. And it is no wonder, after all thanks to sense of smell the child learns about affinity of a parent breast.

Touch. The newborn is very sensitive to that as with it address. Some gestures calm him, others - raise. Parents find out it very much early. However sensitivity of a skin and reaction to contact leave in depth of a pre-natal life of the child: in a tummy of mother he felt a liquid surrounding it, concerned uterus walls, during sorts he felt as all body strong periodic laser eye surgery correction reductions of a uterus thanks to which was born.

How it was Laser eye surgery reviews possible to establish with such accuracy level of sensitivity of the newborn? Sometimes in rather simple ways, in other cases - by means of difficult devices.

Direct supervision over direct reaction of the child concerns simple ways on the activator; it turns a head, reacts to deaf, far or easy noise, and sometimes on the contrary, ceases to react to all these sounds; he shouts or ceases to shout, blinks, moves feet, strains finitenesses shudders. Any almost inaudible gesture, any grimace or shout have for it value.

As at once it is difficult to see and note all, researchers have removed kilometres of films about babies in various situations - on hands of the father, mother, the pediatrist; before subjects of every possible forms and colours; at various illumination, etc. Then these films are looked through in the slowed down rate; stop the image return a film back and write down all reactions of the child, Thanks to such films any detail does not escape eyes of the observer.

Record of palpitation of the child has allowed to make set of supervision also; thanking it the conclusion has been drawn, that the newborn reacts to a female voice, than on the man's more. In the first case palpitation was slowed down, in the second - remains without changes.

More precisely to find out, the baby reacts to what sounds, make the following experiment: to it give to a dummy in which the tiny radio receiver registering a rhythm of movements is located. Then to the child allow to listen to various sounds; the rhythm of its movements changes, that allows to draw a conclusion on sensitivity of the kid to various laser eye surgery correction sounds.

Miniaturization of electronic devices has allowed to spend and more difficult researches. For example, by means of very small microphone entered under a cover after at sorts the bubble has burst, it was possible to learn, what sounds surround the child till a birth.

So, the newborn as whom considered deprived of any perception earlier, "closed" in relation to world around, has appeared ready to reaction to its numerous associates, biologically programmed for set of feelings.

So all the same has changed in the relation to the newborn as a result of these researches? The sight of the adult at the child, and also the relation to it has in essence changed, that, certainly, certain impact on the kid will make.

2. Development of sensations

As sensations result from influence defined on a corresponding receptor, classification of sensations starts with properties which cause them, and receptors which these influence. On character of reflexion and the location of receptors it is accepted to divide sensations into three groups:

Reflecting properties of subjects and the phenomena of an environment and having receptors on a body surface;

The having receptors located in internal bodies and fabrics of a body and reflecting a condition of internal bodies;

Which receptors are located in muscles and sheaves and giving the information on movement and position of our body. A subclass representing sensitivity to movement, and corresponding receptors.

It is possible to subdivide on two groups: contact and receptors. Contact receptors transfer irritation at laser eye surgery correction direct contact to objects influencing them. Them concern: flavouring receptors. Receptors react to the irritations proceeding from remote object. Them concern visual, acoustical and olfactory. I name only five receptors corresponding to kinds of sensations, but actually them much more.

The touch structure, along with tactile sensations (sensations of a touch), includes quite independent kind of sensations - temperature. Temperature sensations not only are a part of touch, but have also independent, more a general meaning for all process of thermoregulation and heat exchange between an organism and environment. Intermediate position between tactile and acoustical sensations is occupied with vibrating sensations. The big role in the general process of orientation of the person in environment is played by sensations of balance and acceleration. The difficult system mechanism of these sensations covers a vestibular mechanism, vestibular nerves and various departments of a bark, a subcortex and a cerebellum.

From the Laser eye surgery reviews point of view of data of a modern science the accepted division of sensations on external and internal is not enough. It is possible to consider some kinds of sensations outwardly-internal. Them concern temperature and painful, flavouring and vibrating, myshechno-articulate and statiko-dynamic.

Sensations is a form of reflexion adequate. The adequate activator of visual sensation is the electromagnetic radiation characterised in lengths of waves in a range from 380 to 770, which are transformed in the visual analyzer to the nervous process generating visual sensation. Acoustical sensations - result of influence on receptors of sound waves with frequency of fluctuations from 16 to 20000 Hz. Tactile sensations are caused by action mechanical on a skin surface. Vibrating, getting special value for deaf persons, are caused by vibration of subjects. The specific have also other sensations (temperature, olfactory, flavouring). However various kinds of sensations are characterised not only specificity, but also the general for them by properties. Quality, intensity, duration and spatial localisation concern such properties.

The visual sensation possesses some inertia and disappears not right after how the caused ceases to operate. On inertia of sight, on preservation of visual impression in a current of some time the cinema principle is based.

The similar phenomenon occurs and in other laser eye surgery correction analyzers. For example, acoustical, temperature, painful and flavouring sensations also proceed some time after eye surgery action.

For sensations spatial localisation also is characteristic. The spatial analysis which is carried out by receptors, gives us data on localisation in space. Contact sensations (tactile, painful, flavouring) correspond that part which influences. Thus localisation of painful sensations happens poured and less exact, than tactile.

The various sense organs giving to us of data on a condition of an external world surrounding us, can display these phenomena with more or smaller accuracy. Sensitivity of a sense organ is defined minimum which in the given conditions appears capable to cause sensation. The minimum force causing hardly appreciable sensation, is called as the bottom absolute threshold of sensitivity.

Smaller force, so-called do not cause occurrence of sensations, and signals about them are not transferred in a brain bark. The bark during each separate moment from infinite quantity of impulses perceives only vitally actual, detaining all the others, including impulses from internal bodies. Such position is biologically expedient. It is impossible to imagine an organism life at which the bark of the big hemispheres equally would perceive all impulses and provided on them reactions. It would lead an organism of inevitable  destruction.

The bottom threshold of sensations defines level of absolute sensitivity of the given analyzer. Between absolute sensitivity and threshold size there is an inverse relationship: the less size of a threshold, the above sensitivity of the given analyzer.

Our analyzers possess various sensitivity. The threshold of one olfactory cage of the person for corresponding laser eye surgery correction odorous substances does not exceed 8 molecules. To cause flavouring sensation, it is required, at least, in 25 000 times more molecules, than for creation of olfactory sensation.

Sensitivity visual and an acoustic analyzer is very high. The human eye as have shown S.I.Vavilov's experiences, is capable to see light at hit on a retina only 2 - 8 quanta of radiant energy. It means, that we would be capable to see in full darkness a burning candle on distance to 27 kilometres. At the same time that we have felt a touch, it is necessary in 100 - 10 000 000 times eye surgery more for energy, than at visual or acoustical sensations.

Absolute sensitivity of the analyzer is limited not only bottom, but also the top threshold of sensation. As the top absolute threshold of sensitivity is called the maximum force at which else there is adequate operating a sensation. The further increase in force operating on our receptors, causes in them only painful sensation (for example, very loud sound, blinding brightness).

The size of absolute thresholds, both bottom, and top, changes depending on various conditions: character of activity and to increase the person, a functional condition of a receptor, force and duration of irritation.

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